Search results for " and Scope"
showing 3 items of 3 documents
El nuevo escenario del orden público en el arbitraje : comentario a la STC de España, Sala Primera, núm. 17/2021, de 15 de febrero.
2021
The Constitutional Court delimits the concept and scope of public order, the requirement to state the grounds and the judicial review within the framework of the action for annulment of arbitral awards. The Constitutional Court rejects the jurisprudential line of the High Court of Justice of Madrid regarding the broadening of the concept of public policy and prevents the review of the merits of the case through the action for annulment.
How significant is yardstick competition among governments? Three reasons to dig deeper
2013
22 pages; The significance of yardstick competition among governments is now confirmed with regard to fiscal variables. This is an important result but the significance of the mechanism must also be sought in a context broader than that of fiscal federalism and without limitation to relations and processes fully observable. Three points are made. Even in the case of governments trying to mimic each other over a single variable, additional variables are involved in an important way. Yardstick competition can be latent without being ineffective. Its major effect, then, is to set bounds to the choices that office-holders could think of making. Finally, the mechanism is a hidden albeit essentia…
On the Returns to Invention within Firms: Evidence from Finland
2018
International audience; In this paper we merge individual income data, firm-level data, patenting data, and IQ data in Finland over the period 1988–2012 to analyze the returns to invention for inventors and their coworkers or stakeholders within the same firm. We find that: (i) inventors collect only 8 percent of the total private return from invention; (ii) entrepreneurs get over 44 percent of the total gains; (iii) bluecollar workers get about 26 percent of the gains and the rest goes to white-collar workers. Moreover, entrepreneurs start with significant negative returns prior to the patent application, but their returns subsequently become highly positive.